Alternatively, we can measure the bulk properties of a material, and from these infer something about the particles it is made of. ![]() ![]() So in thermal physics we assume that these motions are random, and we use the laws of probability to predict how the material as a whole ought to behave. We can't possibly follow every detail of the motions of so many particles. Examples include the air in a balloon, the water in a lake, the electrons in a chunk of metal, and the photons given off by the sun. Thermal physics deals with collections of large numbers of particles-typically 1023 or so.
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